halo selamat malam semuanya :D
saya memiliki sebuah judul tugas akhir yang menarik untuk kita simak bersama
kali ini untuk jurusan sastra inggris yang berjudul
THE TEXT STRUCTURES OF MONOLOGUE TEXT TYPES FOUND IN “JOYFUL ENGLISH BOOK 1 FOR SMP CLASS VII” PUBLISHED BY CV ANEKA ILMU”


 
Based on the school curriculum (“KTSP”), the students of “SMP/MTs” class seven should be taught two monologue text types, descriptive and procedure texts. Thus, in order to be relevant with the curriculum, the textbooks should present those two text types.

This research has two purposes; the first is to know the monologue text types found in the textbook entitled joyful English Book 1 for SMP class VII published by “CV. Aneka Ilmu”. The second is to know how each of the monologue text in that textbook structured including its social function, generic structures, and grammatical features.

I collect the data sources by reading the textbook. Then, I take all the texts from each unit. There are eleven texts in the textbook as the data sources. The approach applied in this study is qualitative. First, I identify the structures of each monologue text. Then I classify the type of the text based on its structures. The next step is analyzing the text in terms of its grammatical features. Finally I analyze and compute the result.

As the result, I found eight descriptive texts, two narrative texts, and one report text. The first dominant is descriptive text. The second dominant is narrative text. And the least dominant is report text. Thus, the choices of monologue text types in the analyzed textbook does not fulfilled the suggestion of procedure that should be taught in the first grade of junior high school as stated by the school curriculum.

Based on the result, I suggest that the English teachers have to consider when choosing a textbook to teach which should fulfilled the requirements as stated by the school curriculum.

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Karya Miss Ratih Dwi Hapsari
Semoga bermanfaat^^


Regard,



Arcia Celestica 
halo selamat malam semuanya :D
saya memiliki sebuah judul tugas akhir yang menarik untuk kita simak bersama
kali ini untuk jurusan kedokteran yang berjudul " Gestational Diabetes Melitus"



Thomas A. Buchanan1 and Anny H. Xiang2
1Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Physiology and Biophysics, and 
2Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Address correspondence to: Thomas A. Buchanan, Room 6602 GNH, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, California 90089-9317, USA. Phone: (323) 226-4632; Fax: (323) 226-2796; E-mail: buchanan@usc.edu.
Published March 1, 2005

Gestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitusGDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy (especially during third trimester of pregnancy). Gestational diabetes is caused when the body of a pregnant woman does not secrete excess insulin required during pregnancy leading to increased blood sugar levels.[1]
Gestational diabetes generally has few symptoms and it is most commonly diagnosed by screening during pregnancy. Diagnostic tests detect inappropriately high levels of glucose in blood samples. Gestational diabetes affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied.[2]
As with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy in general, babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes are typically at increased risk of problems such as being large for gestational age (which may lead to delivery complications), low blood sugar, and jaundice. Gestational diabetes is a treatable condition and women who have adequate control of glucose levels can effectively decrease these risks.
Women with gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (or, very rarely, latent autoimmune diabetes or Type 1) after pregnancy, as well as having a higher incidence of pre-eclampsia and caesarean section;[3] their offspring are prone to developing childhood obesity, with type 2 diabetes later in life. Most patients are treated only with diet modification and moderate exercise but some take anti-diabetic drugs, including insulin.[3]
Gestational diabetes affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied.[2]
Gestational diabetes is formally defined as "any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy". This definition acknowledges the possibility that patients may have previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, or may have developed diabetes coincidentally with pregnancy. Whether symptoms subside after pregnancy is also irrelevant to the diagnosis. [4][5]
The White classification, named after Priscilla White[6] who pioneered in research on the effect of diabetes types on perinatal outcome, is widely used to assess maternal and fetal risk. It distinguishes between gestational diabetes (type A) and diabetes that existed prior to pregnancy (pregestational diabetes). These two groups are further subdivided according to their associated risks and management.[7]
There are 2 subtypes of gestational diabetes (diabetes which began during pregnancy):
§  Type A1: abnormal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) but normal blood glucose levels during fasting and 2 hours after meals; diet modification is sufficient to control glucose levels
§  Type A2: abnormal OGTT compounded by abnormal glucose levels during fasting and/or after meals; additional therapy with insulin or other medications is required

Classical risk factors for developing gestational diabetes are the following:[8][9]
§  A previous diagnosis of gestational diabetes or prediabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia
§  family history revealing a first degree relative with type 2 diabetes
§  Maternal age - a woman's risk factor increases as she gets older (especially for women over 35 years of age)
§  Ethnic background (those with higher risk factors include African-AmericansAfro-CaribbeansNative AmericansHispanicsPacific Islanders, and people originating from South Asia)
§  Being overweightobese or severely obese increases the risk by a factor 2.1, 3.6 and 8.6, respectively.
§  A previous pregnancy which resulted in a child with a high birth weight (>90th centile, or >4000 g (8 lbs 12.8 oz))

In addition to this, statistics show a double risk of GDM in smokersPolycystic ovarian syndrome is also a risk factor, although relevant evidence remains controversial. Some studies have looked at more controversial potential risk factors, such as short stature. [8][10][11][12]
About 40-60% of women with GDM have no demonstrable risk factor; for this reason many advocate to screen all women. Typically women with gestational diabetes exhibit no symptoms (another reason for universal screening), but some women may demonstrate increased thirst, increased urinationfatiguenausea and vomitingbladder infection, and blurred vision.[13] 

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Karya Miss Rainy Anjani
Semoga bermanfaat^^


Regard,


Arcia Celestica